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- PROGRAM 'ISO'
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- Version 4.0
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- by
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- B. K. Berge
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- 206 Cliff Ave.
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- Valley Springs, SD 57068
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- CompuServe: 101653,3544
-
- Internet: 101653.3544@compuserve.com
-
-
-
- B. K. Berge is a member of the Association of Shareware
- Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the
- shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to
- resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by
- contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help.
- The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem
- with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support
- for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at
- 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe
- message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 72050,1433.
-
-
-
- DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT
-
- Users of 'ISO' must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
- This program material is supplied as is. The author disclaims
- all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without
- limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness
- for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for incidental
- or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the
- furnishing, use, or performance of this program material.
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- 1.0 INTRODUCTION
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- 1.1 General
-
- 'ISO' calculates gas and liquid orifice flow meters based
- on International Standard ISO 5167-1: 1991 (Ref. 1).
-
- This is a 'shareware' program and NOT a 'freebie'. You are
- expected to register if you continue using the program for
- more than 30 days. However, the program does not have any
- 'nag-screens' to encourage you to register, and will function
- with no limitations if you do not register. Upon registration
- you will receive both the DOS and Windows versions of the
- program supplied on two (2) floppy disks.
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- The program will size orifice plates for given design
- conditions, find pressure drop for a given flow, or flow for
- a given pressure drop. The standard (ISO-5167) is
- originally designed for gas orifices. In this program it is
- also used for liquid orifices.
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- 1.2 Program Requirements and Overview
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- The minimum equipment configuration required by 'ISO':
- a) DOS version:
- 1) An IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible computer
- 2) 256 K or more of RAM memory
- 3) DOS 2.0 or later operating system
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- b) Windows version:
- 1) A computer with 80386 processor or better (486, Pentium)
- 2) 4 MB of RAM memory
- 3) Windows 3.+
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- 1.3 Program Information
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- The program is divided into 4 major sub-programs:
- - normal gas orifices
- - normal liquid orifices
- - gas restriction orifices (critical flow orifices)
- - liquid restriction orifices
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- 'ISO' lets you choose between U.S. and SI units. The
- gas routines (normal orifice and restriction orifice routines)
- will perform orifice-calculations for:
-
- - Natural gas
- - Air
- - Nitrogen
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- For natural gas the AGA-8 Equation of State (EOS) is used for
- calculating physical properties. For air and nitrogen the
- Redlich-Kwong EOS is used.
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- The liquid orifice routines include:
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- - Oil (gas-free)
- - Water
- - Methanol (MeOH)
- - Monoethylene Glycol (MEG)
- - Diethylene Glycol (DEG)
- - Triethylene Glycol (TEG)
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- For MeOH, MEG, DEG, and TEG the amount of water in solution
- (0-100 Weight %) can be given, and the program will
- calculate the physical properties of the solution.
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- 2.0 USING 'ISO'
-
- STEP 1: Install the program:
-
- a) DOS version:
- Put the program diskette in drive A and type: A:\INSTALL
- This will install the DOS-programs in directory C:\ORIFICE
- or show you how to install the program in a directory of your
- choice.
-
- b) Windows version:
- The Windows version of the program uses the Visual Basic 3.0
- runtime DLL. Put the program diskette in drive A. From
- the Microsoft Windows Program Manager, choose RUN from the
- FILE menu and type: A:\SETUP or double-click on the SETUP.EXE
- file in drive A. Setup will copy the program to directory
- C:\ORIFICE unless you make your own choice. If you want the
- program-icon to appear in another group window, move it to
- where you want 'ISO' to be and delete the window group
- made by Setup. Save your selections.
-
- STEP 2: Start the program by typing "ISO" from the DOS-prompt,
- or 'click' on the correct icon:
-
- FLOW -ORIFICE
-
- FLOW-ORIFICE CALCULATION PROGRAM
-
- International Standard ISO 5167-1:1991
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Copyright (C) 1996 by B. K. Berge (Version 4.0)
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- The Disclaimer is shown before the main menu appears:
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- Gas Orifice
- Liquid Orifice
- Restriction Orifice - Gas
- Restriction Orifice - Liquid
- EXIT
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- STEP 3: Calculation Options:
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- After choosing type and method of calculation the input-screen
- will appear. For gas-calculations you have to enter specific
- gas gravity, temperature and pressure. You can also give
- molefractions of N2, CO2 and H2S for sour gas calculations.
-
- The AGA-8 equation is used for calculating Z-factor
- (compressibility factor) for natural gases. The equation is
- complex, and calculation time may be long depending on your
- computer-type. The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used
- for air and nitrogen.
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- For oil-calculations you have to enter specific oil gravity,
- temperature and pressure. It is also recommended to give
- molecular weight of oil. For water-calculations the input
- requirements are salinity, temperature, and pressure.
- NOTE: It is assumed that all dissolved solids for water are
- expressed as equivalent sodium chloride concentration. The
- results are an orifice specification sheet giving the necessary
- data for design of an orifice or evaluating an existing orifice.
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- STEP 4: Interpreting the results:
-
- The results will contain a few factors that you should know:
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- ISO 5167-1:1991
- ---------------
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- The basic flow equation is:
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- Qm = C*E*Eps*Pi/4*OD^2*Sqrt(2*dP*Roh)
-
- where
- Qm = Mass flow rate (kg/s)
- C = Discharge coefficient = Alpha/E
- E = Velocity of approach factor = 1/(Sqrt(1-Beta^4))
- Eps = Expansion factor due to pressure drop
- Pi = 3.14159
- OD = Orifice diameter at actual flowing conditions
- dP = Differential pressure across orifice
- Roh = Density of flowing fluid measured at upstream tap
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- The flow coefficient is given above as:
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- Alpha = C * E
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- and the orifice to pipe diameter is:
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- Beta = OD/PID
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- The definition of the factors are given in Ref. 1.
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- 3.0 LIMITATIONS
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- 3.1 Physical Properties
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- Natural gas properties are limited to:
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- 0.55 <= SPGG < 2.0
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- 1.05 <= TEMPRD < 3.0
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- 0 <= PRSPRD < 30
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- Liquid correlations used here should be within the
- following limits:
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- 14.696 Psia < PRS < 6000 Psia
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- 32 deg F < TEM < 250 deg F
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- In addition the oil properties are limited by a specific
- oil gravity range of:
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- 0.63 < SPGO < 2.0
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- and water properties are limited by a maximum salt-content:
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- 0 % < NaCl < 25 %
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- 3.2 Orifice Limitations
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- For specifications regarding tolerances and restrictions to
- the orifices themselves, length of pipe preceding and
- following the orifice, and tapping points, you are advised
- to check the standard (Ref. 1).
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- The beta ratio, BETA (orifice to tube diameter ratio,
- BETA = OD/PID) is limited as follows:
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- Flange taps: 0.20 < BETA < 0.75
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- D and D/2 taps: 0.20 < BETA < 0.75
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- Corner taps: 0.23 < BETA < 0.8
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- These limits do not apply for restriction orifices.
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- The limitations on pipe diameters and orifice diameters are:
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- Flange taps and D and D/2 taps: 50 mm < PID < 760 mm
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- Corner taps: 50 mm < PID < 1000 mm
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- Orifice diameters are limited for all tapping types to:
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- OD > 12.5
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- 4.0 REFERENCES
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- 1. "Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential
- devices - Part 1: Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes
- inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full",
- International Standard ISO 5167-1:1991, 1st Ed., International
- Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (1991).
-
- 2. Miller, R.W., "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook", 2nd
- Ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, NY (1989) 2-30
- - 2-37.
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- 3. "Compressibility and Supercompressibility for Natural Gas
- and other Hydrocarbon Gases", Transmission Measurement
- Committee Report no. 8, AGA Catalog No. XQ 1285,
- Arlington, VA (1986).
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- 4. "Phase Behavior", Reprint Series, SPE, Dallas (1981), 15,
- 52-63 and 211-223.
-
- 5. Edmister, W.C. and Lee, B.I., "Applied Hydrocarbon Thermo-
- dynamics", Vol. 1, 2nd Ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Houston,
- TX (1984) 47-49.
-
- 6. Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., and Sherwood, T.K., "The
- Properties of Gases and Liquids", 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill
- Book Co. Inc., New York, NY (1977) 503-506, and 536-537.
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- 7. Buthod, P., "Specific Heats of Natural Gases", Oil and
- Gas J. (Sept. 29, 1949) 60.
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- 8. Standing, M.B., "Volumetric and Phase Behavior of Oil
- Field Hydrocarbon Systems", SPE, Dallas (1977) 121-127.
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- 9. McCain Jr., W.D., "Reservoir-Fluid Property Correlations -
- State of the Art", SPE Reservoir Engineering (May 1991)
- 266-272.
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- 10. Craft, B.C., Hawkins, H.F. and Terry, R.E., "Applied
- Petroleum Reservoir Engineering", 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall,
- Englewood Cliffs (1991) 40-44.
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- 11. Dickey, D.S., "Practical Formulas Calculate Water
- Properties", Chemical Engineering (Nov. 1991) 235-236.
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- 12. Gallant, R.W., "Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons",
- Vol. 1, 2nd Printing, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX
- (1974) 62-68 and 110-119.
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- 5.0 REGISTRATION
-
- 'ISO' is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge
- to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your
- friends. The essence of "user-supported" software is to
- provide personal computer users with quality software without
- high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to
- continue to develop new products. If you find this program
- useful and find that you continue using 'ISO' after a
- reasonable trial period, you are encouraged to register.
- The $19.95 registration fee will license one copy for use on
- any one computer at any one time, provide 1 year support
- (by mail, CompuServe or Internet), a free booklet giving
- you the equations used in the program, and next upgrade free.
-
- Commercial users of 'ISO' should register and pay for their
- copies of 'ISO' within 30 days of first use. Site-License
- arrangements may be made by contacting the address below.
-
- Anyone distributing 'ISO' for any kind of renumeration
- (except the Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE), must first
- contact the address below for authorization. This
- authorization will be automatically granted to distributors
- recognized by ASP as adhering to its guidelines for shareware
- distributors, and such distributors may begin offering 'ISO'
- immediately. (However, to keep the distributor up-to-date with
- the latest version, please notify the address below).
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- SHAREWARE REGISTRATION FORM
-
- Your Name............ ______________________________
- Company Name......... ______________________________
- Street Address....... ______________________________
- P.O. Box............. ____________________
- City................. ____________________
- State, Zip........... __ _________________
- Country.............. ____________________
-
- Preferred disk type:
- 3-1/2" 720 KB _
- 3-1/2" 1.44 MB _
- 5-1/4" 360 KB _
- 5-1/4" 1.2 MB _
-
- Fill out the form with a check of $19.95 and mail to:
-
- B. K. Berge, 206 Cliff Ave., Valley Springs, SD 57068
-
- CompuServe: 101653,3544
- Internet: 101653.3544@compuserve.com
-
- Other programs by the author ($14.95 registration fee each
- if you have registered other programs from the author):
-
- GOW - Calculates gas, oil and water PVT properties
- based on the users's choice of methods.
-
- GASWATER - Natural Gas-Water interaction calculations
- (Hydrate calculations, water content of
- natural gas, MeOH/Glycol injection calculations
- and CO2 solid formation calculations).
-
- AGA - Orifice calculations based on ANSI/API 2530-1991,
- Part 3 (AGA Report No. 3). The same calculations
- are performed as for 'ISO'. The API standard is
- basically used in the USA, while the ISO standard
- is used in Europe. However, both standards give
- similar results (+/- 1%).
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